It's not easy for Paolo to learn Swedish. [45][46] In the 14th century, the colonisation began to be more organised, and by the end of the century, several of the coastal areas of Finland were inhabited mostly by Swedes. The country's unique nature can be experienced from award-winning . A second radio network was started in 1954, and a third opened 1962, in response to pirate radio stations. However, until 1860 it remained illegal for Lutherans to convert to another religion. [287] In Canada, the community of Swedish ancestry is 330,000 strong. Although effective in preserving the country's sovereignty, this approach generated criticism at home from many who believed the threat to Sweden was less serious than the government claimed, problems with the warring powers, ill feelings among its neighbours, and frequent criticism in the postwar period. She formed a minority government made up of only her Social Democrats. Her plan for forming a new coalition government with the Green Party was unsuccessful the coalition partner left after her budget proposal failed to pass. [37] In Germania 44 and 45 he mentions the Swedes (Suiones) as a powerful tribe (distinguished not merely for their arms and men, but for their powerful fleets) with ships that had a prow at each end (longships). [180] The election saw the right-wing coalition win dozens of small towns always dominated by the left, while suffering major losses in the big cities. [280], On average, 27% of taxpayers' money in Sweden goes to education and healthcare, whereas 5% goes to the police and military, and 42% to social security. Most of Sweden is located in the rain shadow of the Scandinavian Mountains through Norway and north-west Sweden. [70] After more than half a century of almost constant warfare, the Swedish economy had deteriorated. By law, all soldiers serving abroad must be volunteers. In the southern parts of this zone the coniferous species are found, mainly spruce and pine, mixed with various deciduous trees. Sweden,[f] formally the Kingdom of Sweden,[18][g] is a Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Since the late 1960s, Sweden has had the highest tax quota (as percentage of GDP) in the industrialised world, although today the gap has narrowed and Denmark has surpassed Sweden as the most heavily taxed country among developed countries. With improved education and the freedom brought by secularisation, the 17th century saw several notable authors develop the Swedish language further. [269], In 2009, the decisions to construct Sweden's two largest scientific installations, the synchrotron radiation facility MAX IV Laboratory and the European Spallation Source (ESS), were taken. r 2012 - 2022", "IMF World Economic Outlook Database: April 2023 - Sweden GDP figures", "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income EU-SILC survey", "Uncertain Times, Unsettled Lives: Shaping Our Future in a Transforming World", "Statistical database Select variable and values", "WikiLeaks reveal Swedes gave intel on Russia, Iran", "Global Competitiveness Report 20122013", "Sweden and Norway celebrate peace treaty", "European emigration", The House of Emigrants, Vxj, Sweden, "Sweden: Social and economic conditions (2007)", "Swedish neutrality and economic warfare in World War I", "Sweden's 'Crazy' 500% Interest Rate; Fails to Faze Most Citizens, Businesses; Hike Seen as Short-Term Move to Protect Krona From Devaluation", "NATO formally invites Finland and Sweden to join the alliance", "Sweden's NATO bid hit by repeated rows with Turkey", "Fires and rioting after Malm suburb unrest", "Sweden Riots Put Faces to Statistics as Stockholm Burns", "In Sweden, Riots Put an Identity in Question", "Sweden parties reach budget deal to avoid snap election", "Sweden and Denmark add border controls to stem flows of migrants", "Immigration: Sweden rolls back strict rules on family reunification", "Sweden Forms a Government After 133 Days, but It's a Shaky One", "Sweden's Social Democrats elect Magdalena Andersson as leader", "Sweden's first female premier returns days after quitting", "Magdalena Andersson: Sweden's first female PM returns after resignation", "Magdalena Andersson: Swedish PM resigns as right-wing parties win vote", "Ulf Kristersson names ministers in his three-party government", "Ulf Kristersson: Swedish parliament elects new PM backed by far right", "Dataserier med normalvrden fr perioden 19912020", 10.1175/1520-0493(1900)28[393:TGSM]2.0.CO;2, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, "Weather Data: Sweden, Vuoggatjalme, 1966, February", "Arctic sea-ice loss fuels extreme European snowfall", "Bok- och grankonkurrens i Sydsverige markegenskaper och naturlig fryngring", "Skogen vxer bttre men riskerna blir fler", "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity Supplementary Material", "En ny beteckning fr kommuner p regional niv och vissa frgor om regionindelning Konstitutionsutskottets Betnkande 2019/20:KU3 - Riksdagen", "Viktigare lagar och frordningar infr rsskiftet 2019/202", "The Riksdag Act almost a fundamental law", "The Swedish Government Offices a historical perspective", "The Instrument of Government (as of 2012)", "Centerright wins Swedish election but short of majority", "Change of Government Council at the Royal Palace of Stockholm", "Gldje efter valsegern: "Inget s dligt i Sverige att det inte kan lagas", "Valresultat 2022 - fr riksdagsvalet, region- och kommunalval", "Kungl. Nevertheless, neither the Alliance, nor the left block, chose to form a coalition with the Sweden Democrats. [241] A smaller car ferry connects the island of Ven in resund with Landskrona. The contemporary English variation was derived in the 17th-century from Middle Dutch and Middle Low German. Commercial property prices fell by up to two thirds, resulting in two Swedish banks having to be taken over by the government. The total resident population of Sweden was 10,377,781 in October 2020. Until the end of the Cold War, nearly all males reaching the age of military service were conscripted. [320], There are a number of different universities and colleges in Sweden, the oldest and largest of which are situated in Uppsala, Lund, Gothenburg and Stockholm. [26][27] Sweden joined the European Union on 1 January 1995 but rejected Eurozone membership following a referendum. [193] Each of these systems has three tiers, where the top tier court of the respective system typically only will hear cases that may become precedent. Digital terrestrial television in Sweden started in 1999 and the last analogue terrestrial broadcasts were terminated in 2007. [303], The first Muslim congregation was established in 1949, when a small contingent of Tatars migrated from Finland. Many looked towards America for a better life during this time. The early 20th century continued to produce notable authors, such as Selma Lagerlf, (Nobel laureate 1909), Verner von Heidenstam (Nobel laureate 1916) and Pr Lagerkvist (Nobel laureate 1951). [88] Between 1750 and 1850, the population in Sweden doubled. Up to 1974, the King was pro forma Commander-in-Chief, but in reality it was clearly understood through the 20th century that the monarch would have no active role as a military leader. Between 800 and 1000, trade brought an abundance of silver to Gotland, and according to some scholars, the Gotlanders of this era hoarded more silver than the rest of the population of Scandinavia combined. The 1994 election saw the return of the Greens and the demise of New Democracy. Islam's presence in Sweden remained marginal until the 1960s, when Sweden started to receive migrants from the Balkans and Turkey. 3. [284],[285] 87% of the population live in urban areas, which cover 1.5% of the entire land area. It is also a member of the United Nations, the Nordic Council, the Council of Europe, the World Trade Organization and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). [111] The secretary general of NATO Jens Stoltenberg spoke of a fast-track membership process of just a few weeks, however NATO member Turkey has repeatedly hindered Sweden from joining the alliance, demanding Swedish action against the PKK and for Sweden to extradite alleged Kurdish "terrorists" to Turkey, the situation straining relations between the two countries. [290], The official language of Sweden is Swedish,[1][2] a North Germanic language, related and very similar to Danish and Norwegian, but differing in pronunciation and orthography. At sea level instead, the coldest average highs range from 21C (70F) to 6C (21F). Sweden is currently leading the EU in statistics measuring equality in the political system and equality in the education system. ", "Invandring sker faktor bakom Pisa-tappet", "The Swedish Myths: True, False, or Somewhere In Between? Consequently, when Gustav Vasa or Gustav I broke the monopoly power of the Hanseatic League he was regarded as a hero by the Swedish people. These two channels (operated by Sveriges Television since the late 1970s) held a monopoly until the 1980s when cable and satellite television became available. Sweden ranks in the top five countries with respect to low infant mortality. [302] The reason for the large number of inactive members is partly that, until 1996, children automatically became members at birth if at least one of the parents was a member. Englund, P. 1990. Sweden has a two-step progressive tax scale with a municipal income tax of about 30% and an additional high-income state tax of 2025% when a salary exceeds roughly 320,000 SEK per year. [262][263] Unemployment among youth (aged 24 or younger) in 2012 was 24.2%, making Sweden the OECD country with the highest ratio of youth unemployment versus unemployment in general.[264]. [228], Sweden maintains its own currency, the Swedish krona (SEK), a result of the Swedes having rejected the euro in a referendum. Despite the opening of the fixed link to Denmark, the resund Bridge, the busiest ferry route remains the short link across the narrowest section of the resund between Helsingborg and the Danish port of Helsingr, known as the HH Ferry route. Reading Books in Swedish? An independent Swedish state emerged during the early 12th century. [75] This gave Russia time to rebuild and modernise its army. On average, most of Sweden receives between 500 and 800mm (20 and 31in) of precipitation each year, making it considerably drier than the global average. [225], Sweden is the fourth-most competitive economy in the world, according to the World Economic Forum in its Global Competitiveness Report 20122013. Click on any column to sort, click on the title . During World War II Sweden joined neither the allied nor axis powers. [219] A pilot program to test the feasibility of a six-hour workday, without loss of pay, will commence in 2014, involving the participation of Gothenburg municipal staff. [33] Some Finnic languages, such as Finnish and Estonian, use the terms Ruotsi and Rootsi; these variations refer to the Rus' people who inhabited the coastal areas of Roslagen in Uppland and who gave their name to Russia. The northern coniferous forest zone or the Taiga begins north of the natural boundary of the oak. Lars Magnus Ericsson started the company bearing his name, Ericsson, still one of the largest telecom companies in the world. [56] Under the Hanseatic trade, two-thirds of Stockholm's imports consisted of textiles, while the remaining third was salt. Sweden was the first country in the world to outlaw corporal punishment of children by their parents (parents' right to spank their own children was first removed in 1966, and it was explicitly prohibited by law from July 1979[190]). [226] Sweden is ranked fourth in the IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook 2013. According to some scholars, mass emigration to America became the only way to prevent famine and rebellion; over 1% of the population emigrated annually during the 1880s. It has the world's 14th highest GDP per capita and ranks very highly in quality of life, health, education, protection of civil liberties, economic competitiveness, income equality, gender equality and prosperity. [261] Trade unions have the right to elect two representatives to the board in all Swedish companies with more than 25 employees. European Economic Review 34 (23): 385393. Sweden is a highly developed country ranked seventh in the Human Development Index,[25] it is a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary democracy, with legislative power vested in the 349-member unicameral Riksdag. The last major Swedish Viking expedition appears to have been the ill-fated expedition of Ingvar the Far-Travelled to Serkland, the region south-east of the Caspian Sea. Other important trees and shrubs in this zone include hornbeam, elder, hazel, fly honeysuckle, linden (lime), spindle, yew, alder buckthorn, blackthorn, aspen, European rowan, Swedish whitebeam, juniper, European holly, ivy, dogwood, goat willow, larch, bird cherry, wild cherry, maple, ash, alder along creeks, and in sandy soil birch compete with pine. Sweden has high or above-average levels of assaults, sexual assaults, hate crimes, and consumer fraud. Both facilities have strong implications on material research. [328], Sweden has also become very liberal towards homosexuality, as is reflected in the popular acceptance of films such as Show Me Love, which is about two young lesbians in the small Swedish town of ml. In a 2003 referendum the Swedish electorate voted against the country joining the Euro currency. [155][161], Sweden is a constitutional monarchy, and King Carl XVI Gustaf is the head of state, but the role of the monarch is limited to ceremonial and representative functions. [247], However, from the 1970s and onwards Sweden's GDP growth fell behind other industrialised countries and the country's per capita ranking fell from fourth to 14th place in a few decades. He launched a military campaign against Norway on 27 July 1814, ending in the Convention of Moss, which forced Norway into a personal union with Sweden under the Swedish crown, which lasted until 1905. [165] Apart from strictly official duties, the King and the other members of Royal Family undertake a variety of unofficial and other representative duties within Sweden and abroad. The Judiciary is independent from the Riksdag, Government and other State administrative authorities. Regionally important foods are the surstrmming (a fermented fish) in northern Sweden and eel in southern Sweden. By Valerie Richardson - The Washington Times - Monday, June 26, 2023. The same goes for standard Swedish speakers, who find it far easier to understand Norwegian than Danish. [134] Because of Sweden's high latitude, the length of daylight varies greatly. [222][223] Since 1990, taxes as a percentage of GDP collected by Sweden have been dropping, with total tax rates for the highest income earners dropping the most. [175] The Alliance won a plurality of 173 seats, but remained two seats short of a 175-seat majority. In 1889 The Swedish Social Democratic Party was founded. The term riksdag was used for the first time in the 1540s, although the first meeting where representatives of different social groups were called to discuss and determine affairs affecting the country as a whole took place as early as 1435, in the town of Arboga. The highest population density is in the resund Region in southern Sweden, along the western coast up to central Bohusln, and in the valley of lake Mlaren and Stockholm. North of the Arctic Circle, the sun never sets for part of each summer, and it never rises for part of each winter. "The Swedish model in an era of mass unemployment." Sweden is divided in five major vegetation zones. Swedish Language Blog. Sweden Finns are Sweden's largest linguistic minority, comprising about 5% of Sweden's population,[291] and Finnish is recognised as a minority language. [221] Tax income-financed employment represents a third of the Swedish workforce, a substantially higher proportion than in most other countries. Alfred Nobel invented dynamite and instituted the Nobel Prizes. Since 1995 Sweden has been a member of the European Union, and as a consequence of a new world security situation the country's foreign policy doctrine has been partly modified, with Sweden playing a more active role in European security co-operation. [341] [147], The alpine-birch zone, in the Scandinavian mountains, depending on both latitude and altitude, is an area where only a smaller kind of birch (Betula pubescens or B.tortuosa) can grow. Sweden rose to prominence on a continental scale during the reign of king Gustavus Adolphus, seizing territories from Russia and the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth in multiple conflicts, including the Thirty Years' War. [321] Along with several other European countries, the government also subsidises tuition of international students pursuing a degree at Swedish institutions, although a recent bill passed in the Riksdag will limit this subsidy to students from EEA countries and Switzerland. The result of that conflict and the conclusion of the Thirty Years' War helped establish postwar Sweden as a major force in Europe.
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